Manual esting

As the human mind will always be in an exploratory form, instead of a coding mechanism that executes the same steps each time. So, it will provide more expansive coverage for the system validation. Cost of automation : Sometimes, due to the timelines or size of the project, the extended efforts for the automation are not justifiable, and we always prefer a quick manual validation over the automation testing.

Un-automatable scenarios : There can be multiple scenarios that are either not worth automating and doesn't give clear confidence of the user behavior when just testing using automation. Considering all these points, manual testing has still maintained its place in the validation phase of the fast-paced software development cycle. Now, there are some specific use-cases where manual verification can be the best fit. Let's see what those are? So, the question remains as to when exactly we should do manual testing or which are the scenarios that compel us to opt for this type of testing?

We go for such testing under the following scenarios:. Let's now understand the various types of manual testing which a QA can perform on an application. Depending on how and when we perform the manual test, we broadly categorize it into the following types:.

Validation of an individual software component or module is called Unit Testing. Generally, the developers perform it and not by the QA Engineers, as it requires detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code. Integration testing is testing of a subsystem which comprises two or more integrating components. Its carried out once the individual components have been unit tested, and they are working as expected. Its carried out to find defects in the interfaces and the interactions between the integrated components.

System Testing means testing the system in its entirety. All the developed components are unit tested and then integrated into an application. Once this finishes, we test the entire system rigorously to ensure the application meets all the quality standards.

User Acceptance Testing — UAT is a type of testing performed by the Client to certify the system concerning the requirements that got agreed upon earlier. We perform this testing in the final phase of testing before moving the software application to the Market or Production environment.

In the Black Box Testing method, testing happens without knowing the internal codes and structure of the program. The testing happens from the customer's point of view, and the tester knows only about the inputs and the expected outputs of the application. The tester is not aware of how the requests are being processed by the software and giving the output results.

The tester chooses inputs and executes the test by giving inputs to the system through the codes and determines the appropriate outputs. Python Pillow. Python Turtle. Verbal Ability. Interview Questions. Company Questions. Artificial Intelligence. Cloud Computing. Data Science. Angular 7. Machine Learning. Data Structures. Operating System. Computer Network. Compiler Design. Computer Organization. Discrete Mathematics. Ethical Hacking. Computer Graphics.

Software Engineering. Web Technology. Cyber Security. C Programming. Control System. Data Mining. Data Warehouse. Javatpoint Services JavaTpoint offers too many high quality services. Types of Manual Testing There are various methods used for manual testing. Tester analyses requirement documents to cover all requirements stated by the customer. Tester develops the test cases according to the requirement document. All test cases are executed manually by using Black box testing and white box testing.

If bugs occurred then the testing team informs the development team. The Development team fixes bugs and handed software to the testing team for a retest. Software Build Process Once the requirement is collected, it will provide to the two different team development and testing team.

After getting the requirement, the concerned developer will start writing the code. And in the meantime, the test engineer understands the requirement and prepares the required documents, up to now the developer may complete the code and store in the Control Version tool.

After that, the code changes in the UI, and these changes handle by one separate team, which is known as the build team. This build team will take the code and start compile and compress the code with the help of a build tool. Once we got some output, the output goes in the zip file, which is known as Build application or software.

Each Build will have some unique number like B, B Then this particular Build will be installed in the test server. After that, the test engineer will access this test server with the help of the Test URL and start testing the application. Then the developer will reproduce the bug in the test server and fix the bug and again store the code in the Control version tool, and it will install the new updated file and remove the old file; this process is continued until we get the stable Build.

Once we got the stable Build, it will be handed over to the customer. Note1 Once we collect the file from the Control version tool, we will use the build tool to compile the code from high-level language to machine level language. After compilation, if the file size will increase, so we will compress that particular file and dumped into the test server.

This process is done by Build team , developer if build team is not there, a developer can do it or the test lead if the build team directly handle the zip and install the application to the test server and inform the test engineer. Generally, we can't get a new Build for every bug; else, most of the time will be wasted only in creating the builds. Note2 Build team The main job of the build team is to create the application or the Build and converting the high-level language into low-level language.

Build It is software, which is used to convert the code into application format. Control version tool It is a software or application, which is used for the following purpose: In this tool, we can save different types of files.

It is always secured because we access the file from the tools using the same login credentials. The primary objective of the tools is to track the changes done for the existing files.

Note3 Test cycle The test cycle is the time duration given to the test engineer to test every Build. Differences between the two build The bugs found in one build and can be fixed any of the future Build, which depends on the test engineer's requirement. How frequently we were getting the new Build In the beginning, we used to get weekly builds, but in the latest stage of testing, when the application was getting stable, we used to get the new Build once in 3 days, two days, or a daily basis as well.

How many builds we get If we consider one year of any project duration, we got builds. When we get the bug fixes Generally, we understand the bug fixes only after the test cycle is completed, or the collection of bugs is fixed in one build, and handover in the next builds. Advantages of Manual Testing It does not require programming knowledge while using the Black box method.

It is used to test dynamically changing GUI designs. Tester interacts with software as a real user so that they are able to discover usability and user interface issues. It ensures that the software is a hundred percent bug-free. It is cost-effective. Easy to learn for new testers. Disadvantages of Manual Testing It requires a large number of human resources.

It is very time-consuming. Tester develops test cases based on their skills and experience. There is no evidence that they have covered all functions or not. In integration testing, each component of the software are combined together and tested as a group.

The main goal of this testing is to determine whether each component is interacting with each other as expected or not. To perform the testing, it uses test drivers and test stubs. Integration testing is performed after the unit testing and before the system testing. The developers or individual testers perform it.

It uses four approaches: the big bang approach, top-down approach, bottom-up approach, and hybrid approach. System testing is to test the system as a whole. Its main goal is to evaluate the end to end system specification. Unit testing is used to used the fully integrated system to check how each component interacted with each other and with the system.

It involves testing of various functions such as load testing, regression testing, usability testing, functional testing, migration testing, recovery testing, hardware testing, software testing, etc. Acceptance testing is performed to test the software for its acceptability. The main goal of this testing is to evaluate the compliance of the system with specified requirements and assess whether it is acceptable for delivery or not.

Acceptance testing is performed after the system testing and before making the system available in production for actual use. It is categorized into two types — internal acceptance testing and external acceptance testing. The internal member of the organization performs internal acceptance testing, and external acceptance testing is performed by the external who is not a part of the organization.

Here in this article, we have seen various types of manual testing. Each testing type is important as each has its own importance, and each type is used to test the various parts of the software at different levels. This is a guide to Manual Testing Types.