Wdm ppt pdf

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The Evolution of Mobile Technologies 1g to 2g to 3g to 4g Lte. Mohamed Moujtaba. Nonlinearities continued Stimulated Brillouin Scattering SBS : scattering of light backwards to transmitter Caused by mechanical actually acoustical vibrations in fiber inducing changes in RI In effect, fiber becomes a diffraction grating Mainly a problem at high power levels, narrow linewidth, small core size Not usually a problem if power below 5 mw.

Nonlinearities continued Carrier-induced phase modulation CIP Arises from Kerr effect Change in refractive index due to E field of light wave Causes change in phase of pulse as power varies over pulse time Generally negligible for On-Off keyed systems Only a problem for systems requiring coherent detection Cross-phase modulation Arises from same effect, but when different signals simultaneously present Power induced changes from one signal affect others.

Crosstalk Arises in devices that filter and separate wavelengths Small proportion of power that should be in one channel ends up in others usually adjacent Major problem in WDM systems Worse with close spacing Figure of db as minimum. Optical switching for WDM continued Cross-connects can be made with technologies discussed in Resonant couplers Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Optical switching for WDM continued Resonant couplers Normal operation: coupling length set so that signals cross Voltage applied: RI of waveguides changes, effectively changing coupling length, so that crossover does not occur.

Optical switching continued Optical switch is not smart Switches everything on input port to output This means all wavelengths multiplexed together What is needed is smarter switch which can switch individual wavelengths Called optical switching node Switch any input to any output port No OEO conversion Bit rate and protocol independent.

Optical switching node continued Can also be implemented with Micro Electro-mechanical Systems MEMS Extremely tiny mirrors which can pop up and down under electronic control Silicon micromirror Can be fabricated on chips 40 Gbps. Optical switching node continued Main problems May have two of same wavelength switched to same output WDM multiplexer Results in garbage Not a problem in small networks with only a few nodes Lots of s to choose from so no duplication Switching done by network management software, not through internal information contained in wavelengths Not a router.

Optical switching node continued Solution to wavelength problem: use wavelength converter to groom traffic for output WDM Problem: wavelength converters very expensive. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Explore Ebooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All Ebooks. Explore Audiobooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All audiobooks.

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Show related SlideShares at end. WordPress Shortcode. Share Email. Top clipped slide. Download Now Download Download to read offline. Wavelength division multiplexing Nov. Nalin Dubey Follow. Head Master. Ip over wdm. Cc wdm network design. Wavelength division multiplexing. Dense wavelength division multiplexing.

WDM Basics.